As EU leaders are currently meeting in Brussels for a summit heavily focused on migration, France has informed the European Commission that it will reinstate checks at all its land, air and sea borders with Luxembourg, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Italy from 1 November 2024 until the end of April 2025.
The Commission’s Schengen Borders Code allows EU Member States to temporarily reintroduce border control at the internal borders “in the event of a serious threat to public policy or internal security.” However, it notes that this measure must only be applied as a last resort and in exceptional situations. In its explanation to the Commission, France points to “serious threats to public policy, public order, and internal security posed by high-level terrorist activities.”
It also highlighted a perceived growing presence of criminal networks facilitating irregular migration and smuggling, and “migration flows that risk infiltration by radicalised individuals,” as well as the “irregular crossings” on the Channel and North Sea borders. Finally, it points to “rising violence among migrants, particularly in northern coastal areas such as Dunkirk and Calais, leading to tense and dangerous situations involving both migrants and law enforcement.”
Questionable effectiveness
The Commission has stressed that the duration of such a temporary reintroduction of border control must be restricted “to the bare minimum needed to respond to the threat in question.” While it can issue an opinion regarding the Member State’s decision to reinstate border control, the Commission cannot veto it.
France is not the first EU country to take this step. In mid-September, Germany reintroduced temporary border checks including at its borders with France and the Netherlands in an effort to “combat irregular migration and cross-border crime.”
Austria also reintroduced checks from Wednesday this week, referring to “risks associated with irregular migration, such as via the Balkan routes, migratory pressure in the pre-frontier area, and the strain on the asylum reception system and basic services,” among others. Denmark will follow suit at its borders with Germany from 12 November for the same reasons.
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